Morocco: Facts & Stats

ECONOMY

Industry:

In 2000, industry accounted for one-third of GDP, and industrial output rose 3.5%. Leading industrial sectors in 2002 were phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, and construction. Morocco holds the world's largest phosphate reserves.

The manufacturing sector produces light consumer goods, especially foodstuffs, beverages, textiles, matches, and metal and leather products. Heavy industry is largely limited to petroleum refining, chemical fertilizers, automobile and tractor assembly, foundry work, asphalt, and cement.

There are two oil refineries, one at Mohammedia and one at Sidi Kacem, with a total refining capacity of 155,000 barrels per day. There are also several petrochemical plants, a polyvinyl chloride factory, and many phosphate-processing plants.

Ownership in the manufacturing sector is largely private, but the government owns the phosphate-chemical fertilizer industry and much of the sugar-milling capacity, through either partnership or joint financing. It is also a major participant in the car and truck assembly industry and in tire manufacturing.

Agriculture:

Agriculture in Morocco employs about 40% of the nation’s workforce. It is the largest employer in the country. Some 9,895,000 ha, or 22.1% of the total land area, is arable (excluding Western Sahara). About 43% of arable land is devoted to cereals, 7% to plantation crops (olives, almonds, citrus, grapes, dates), 3% to pulses, 2% to forage, 2% to vegetables, 2% to industrial crops (sugar beets, sugar cane, cotton) and oilseeds, and 42% was fallow.

The bulk of the indigenous population carries out traditional subsistence farming on plots of less than five hectares (12 acres). A temperate climate and sufficient precipitation are especially conducive to agricultural development in the northwest. In 2001, agriculture (together with forestry and fishing) accounted for 16% of GDP. The principal export crops are citrus fruits and vegetables.

Research & Development:

Morocco has not made R&D a national priority; it does have substantial assets capable of promoting the sector and turning it into a key development vehicle. Morocco now has a substantial corps of highly qualified young researchers trained in world-renowned institutions. Relatively well-equipped research facilities have evolved and are doing first-class work in a variety of sciences and technologies.

Scientific research facilities in Morocco fall into four categories:

1. postsecondary institutions, including laboratories and research centers affiliated with university faculties and engineering schools;


2. specialized public centers;


3. semi-public boards; and


4. the private sector.

The postsecondary sector currently includes:

• 14 universities, with 67 establishments of higher education, 4 institutes and 2 research centers;
• 33 management training institutions, including 20 that are scientifically and technologically oriented (engineering schools) and 13 in the legal, economic and administrative fields; and
• some 30 teacher-training establishments (CNCPRS 1995).

Most of these are organized into departments which are, in turn, structured into laboratories, training and research units (UFRs), or simply research units. According to the CNCPRS survey, there are 910 research units in a variety of specialties.

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